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働きすぎる日本人、なぜ欧州の“ゆるい働き方”に生産性で負けるのか?ン

「こんなに頑張ってるのに、なぜ日本の生産性は上がらないのか?」――OECD(経済協力開発機構)のデータを見るたび、疑問に思ったことはありませんか?実は、“仕事を効率よくこなすコツ”は、「頑張りすぎないこと」かもしれません。ヨーロッパの働き方から、日本の常識を見直してみましょう。

衝撃!スペインのバス運転手が放った一言

あるラジオDJの友人が、ヨーロッパを巡るサッカー観戦旅行中に体験した驚きのエピソードを教えてくれました。スペインからアンドラ公国を目指してバスに乗った彼は、大渋滞に巻き込まれます。運転手は途中で高速を降り、機転を利かせたルート変更かと思いきや……まさかの車庫入り!

運転手はこう言いました。「定時なのでここで終了。あとは自分で行ってくれ。距離はたいしたことないよ」

日本ならクレーム必至の展開に、周囲のヨーロッパ人たちは淡々と解散。驚いた彼は「こんな無責任なことが通用するのか!」と憤りましたが、現地の人々にとっては“普通”だったのです。

欧州では15時以降の面会NG? 仕事より自分時間が優先

ヨーロッパでの取材経験が豊富な筆者も、こうした常識の違いに何度も驚かされてきました。

たとえばフランスやベルギーの公共機関では、定時になれば窓口が閉まるのは当たり前。行列ができていようと、延長対応は基本的にありません。日本の「最後の一人まで対応します」とは真逆の姿勢です。

また、職業訓練校や商工会議所にアポを取る際、現地のコーディネーターは必ずこう忠告してくれます。

「15時以降はダメです。退勤時間になったら、たとえ面談中でも帰ります。金曜日も避けた方がいいですね。週末モードで気が散っていますから」

実際、筆者は水曜の朝イチに現地入りして、そのまま取材に臨んだこともあります。

それでも欧州の生産性は高い 日本は“働きすぎのガラパゴス”?

こんな“ゆるい”働き方で本当に経済が回るの?と不思議に思うかもしれません。ですが、OECDの統計を見ると、欧州各国の労働生産性は軒並み日本より上。むしろ、日本が異例なのです。

日本では、がむしゃらに働く人が評価され、「静かな退職者(やるべき最低限の仕事だけをこなす社員)」は批判されがち。しかし、ヨーロッパではその「静かな働き方」こそがスタンダードで、十分“働き者”と認識されるのです。

高級ホテルやブランドショップなど一部では日本並みのサービスもありますが、それはあくまで「見える世界」にすぎません。一般の労働者の多くは、無理せず働くことが前提なのです。

「手を抜くほど生産性が上がる」? 数字のマジックに隠れた真実

ここで、「手を抜いてどうして生産性が上がるの?」と疑問に思う人もいるでしょう。中学生でも分かるように説明してみましょう。

たとえば、前述のスペインのバス運転手は、定時で業務終了し、残業は一切なし。その間に稼いだ運賃の合計を労働時間で割れば、時間当たりの生産性は高くなります。

一方、日本のバス運転手がサービス残業して目的地まで送り届けた場合、労働時間は増えても収入は変わらない。つまり、時間あたりの生産性は下がってしまうのです。

さらに、途中で降ろされた乗客がタクシーを使えば、そのぶん交通業界に新たな収益が発生し、経済活動も広がります。

完璧を求めないことで経済も回る ヨーロッパの割り切り思考

ヨーロッパでは、衣料品や家具の量販店で「いつでも返品OK」が基本。不良品も少なくないですが、割り切って販売し、不良があれば返品してもらえばいいというスタンスです。

それにより、完璧を目指して過剰にチェックや残業を繰り返すことはありません。無駄を省き、効率を重視した結果が“生産性の高さ”に反映されているのです。

「頑張りすぎない働き方」が未来を変えるかもしれない

もちろん、国民性や文化の違いがあるため、単純な比較はできません。しかし、“がむしゃらに働く=成果が出る”という信仰が、今の日本の労働生産性を下げている可能性があるのも事実。

「手を抜く」ことは決して悪ではなく、「工夫して無理なく成果を出す」ことこそ、これからの時代に求められる働き方なのかもしれません。

効率とゆとりのバランスを大切に――そんな考え方が、日本の職場にも必要とされているのではないでしょうか。

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